We wear elbow and knee pads to protect our elbows

elbow是什么意思啊？

elbow 英 [ˈelbəʊ]
美 [ˈelboʊ] 释义
n.
肘（部）; 弯处 v.
用肘推挤; 挤掉 大小写变形:Elbow
点击 人工翻译，了解更多 人工释义 词态变化
复数: elbows;
第三人称单数: elbows;
过去式: elbowed;
过去分词: elbowed;
现在分词: elbowing; 实用场景例句
全部
肘部
弯头
扶手
弯管
用肘推挤
用手肘推开 She jabbed him with her elbow.
她用胳膊肘捅他。 牛津词典
He's fractured his elbow. 他肘部骨折。
牛津词典 The jacket was worn at the elbows.
这件夹克衫的肘部磨破了。 牛津词典
She elbowed me out of the way to get to the front of the line. 她用肘部把我推开朝队伍前面挤。
牛津词典 He elbowed his way through the crowd.
他用手肘从人群中挤了过去。 牛津词典
Environmental concerns will elbow their way right to the top of the agenda. 环境问题将挤到议事日程之首。
柯林斯高阶英语词典 Non-state firms gradually elbow aside the inefficient state-owned ones...
非国有企业逐渐挤掉了效率低下的国有企业。 柯林斯高阶英语词典
Mr Smith elbowed me in the face... 史密斯先生一肘撞在我脸上
柯林斯高阶英语词典 He slipped and fell, badly bruising an elbow.
他滑倒了，一只胳膊肘严重擦伤。 柯林斯高阶英语词典
They also claim that the security team elbowed aside a steward.. 他们还声称保安人员将一位乘务员推搡至一边。
柯林斯高阶英语词典 Don't hyperextend your elbow.
别过分拉伸你的胳膊肘. 期刊摘选
I've worn through the elbow of this old coat at last. 最后我把这件旧外套的肘部磨出了窟窿.
《简明英汉词典》 Elbow pads and knee pads are essential on a skateboard.
滑滑板时带护肘和护膝是必要的. 《简明英汉词典》
She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow. 她用手臂挎着一个小包裹.
《简明英汉词典》 The wounded soldier levered himself up on his elbow and shouted for help.
那个伤兵用胳膊支起身子,大声呼救.

elbow怎么读

elbow
[英]['elbəʊ][美][ˈɛlˌbo]
n.
肘部；弯头,扶手；肘形管,弯管
vt.
用肘推挤（另一人或另一些人）；用手肘推开
vi.
用肘推搡着前进；在拐角处转弯
复数:elbows 第三人称单数:elbows 过去式:elbowed 过去分词:elbowed 现在分词:elbowing
双语例句
1.
She jabbed him with her elbow.
她用胳膊肘捅他.
2.
She poked him in the ribs with her elbow.
她用胳膊肘顶他的肋部.
3.
I've worn through the elbow of this old coat at last.
最后我把这件旧外套的肘部磨出了窟窿.
4.
Elbow pads and knee pads are essential on a skateboard.
滑滑板时带护肘和护膝是必要的.
5.
She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.
她用手臂挎着一个小包裹.

请各位高人翻译

轮上的安全
自行车
1.确保你的自行车是安全的
它正常工作吗？检查轮胎，刹车，等
它安装的合适吗？你可以两脚放在地上跨奇，一个过大或者过小的自行车都是安全隐患。
它有链子吗，有灯和反光镜吗？
2.遵守所有的信号，信号灯和交通规则。知道道路通行的信号（停、右转、左转），知道转弯之前怎么转头检查。
其自行车的孩子们要向成年人一样遵守规则：道路右侧行使，在停车标志处和红灯时候停车，转向信号前，让准备右转的先行。
3.经常戴合适的头盔。头盔可以保护前额以防向前或者向后滑；他应该不动除非头转动
线内滑行板，单脚滑行车
1.保护自己防止受伤
带一个自行车头盔，护腕，手套，护膝垫和防护衣物（长杉裤）
2.在安全的地方滑行或者骑车
用滚动的滑板，常规跑场合操场。远离道路和交通。在好天气干的路面滑行或骑车。在允许的一边行。
3.小心你周围的事务
远离水，油，垃圾，或者不平坦的道路。经常为人们停下来。小心楼梯和台阶。
4.了解怎么样倒地可以减少你严重受伤的可能
如果你失去平衡，弯曲向滑板，这样你就不会摔多远。如果摔了，试着用你身体的肌肉部分着地。
如果你摔倒了，试着滚动，别让你的胳膊承受力。即使他很困难，在摔倒的时候尽量放松身体，而不要紧绷。

火灾逃生方法常识英文

1.火灾自救方法英语版 有翻译
家庭火灾应急十要The family of fire emergency ten、初起火易扑灭消防车未前能集全力抢救常能化险夷转危安At the beginning of the fire, easy to extinguish the fire truck can be set to rescue often can insurance Yi turn dangernot before二、要早报警报警愈早损失愈小牢记119火警电Two, to the post alarm earlier loss is *** aller in the 119 firepower三、要先救火搬运财物片刻延误易成巨灾失火时宜先抢救财物易被咽呛窒息而死或失去逃生时机Three, the first fire handling property a moment delayeasily into catastrophe fire should go to save the propertyis easy to swallow choking suffocate or lose the escape time四、要沉着冷静严守秩序才能火场安全撤退倘若争先恐互相拥挤阻塞通道导致自相践踏会造成应有惨剧Four, to be calm to order to fire safety evacuation if vie witheach other in congested channel self trampling caused due to tragedy五、下楼通道被火封住欲逃无路时被子单、台布撕成布务结成绳索牢系窗槛再用衣角护住手心顺绳滑下Five, the channel is the fire shut down and there is no way to escape when the single, torn cloth quilt cloth provided to form a rope tied window sill and clothes covered hand slide down the rope六、邻室起火万勿开门应跳入窗户阳台呼喊救援或用前法脱险否则热气浓烟乘虚而入使人窒息Six, adjacent room fire don't open the door into the window and balcony should cry for rescue or before the escape orhot *** oke take advantage of a weak point suffocating七、烟雾较浓时必惊慌宜用膝、肘着地匍匐前进因近地处往往残留清新空气注意呼吸要小而浅Seven, the *** oke thicker when panic should use knee,elbow to crawl for near earth often residual fresh airattention should be *** all and shallow breathing八、非上楼情况下必须屏住呼吸上楼因浓烟上升速度每秒3—5米而人上楼速度每秒3—5米而人上楼速度每秒0.5米Eight, non upstairs conditions must hold their breath for *** oke rising velocity upstairs at 3 - 5 meters per secondand the people upstairs 3 - 5 meters and the peopleupstairs speed 0.5 meters per second九、逃离时要用湿毛巾掩住口鼻也用房内花瓶、水壶、金鱼缸里水打湿衣服、布类等掩住口鼻带婴儿逃离时用湿布轻蒙脸上手抱着手着地抓行逃出Nine, fled to use a wet towel to cover your mouth and nosewith real inner vase, kettle, goldfish bowl water wet clothes,cloth, cover your mouth and nose with baby escape with a damp cloth light face to use hands to grasp escape十、逃离前必须先把有火房间门关紧特别住户多大楼及旅馆里采用措施使火焰、浓烟禁锢房间之内致迅速蔓延能本人和大家赢得宝贵时间Ten, fled before the fire room door closed special resident *** uilding and hotel adopts measures to make the flame, *** oke to spread rapidly to imprison the room I and you win valuable time火灾逃生术Fire escape operation1.尽能蹲低身体利用所剩余氧气逃离火场1 try to squat low body using the remaining oxygenescaped from the fire2.尽能向地面逃生若楼梯已被火封锁则利用绳索或被单连接起来从窗口滑下地面逃生2 try to escape if the ground has been blocked by fire stair *** y ropes or sheets connected from the window down theground escape3.火灾时沿墙壁走有楼梯绝使用电梯3 of fire along the walls along the stairs must use the elevator4.带小孩逃离时利用被单孩子绑背上或抱胸前4 children fled when the children use sheets tied back or hold the chest5.主要逃生道上若有许多人拥挤应另找别逃生通道5 main escape on the road if there are many peoplecrowded should find another don't escape6.女性穿高跟鞋时应立即脱去或换鞋免逃生途摔倒延误了逃生时机6 women wearing high-heeled shoes should promptlyremove or change a shoe fell free means of escape escapetime delay7.火灾时切勿躲屋角或床下图时之安全样能葬身火海应镇静并用湿毛巾捂住口鼻尽快找寻逃生出口及方法7 do not hide the fire safety or bed below the sample canInferno should be calm and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel as soon as possible to find an exit and method望采纳。
2.关于火灾的自救小知识（英语）
“三要”—— 1、“要”熟悉自己住所的环境 2、“要”遇事保持沉着冷静 3、“要”警惕烟毒的侵害 "Three musts" 1. "You must" be familiar with your surroundings. 2. "You must" keep calm at all times. 3. "You must" keep yourself from breathing in the *** oke. “三救”—— 1、选择逃生通道自“救” 2、结绳下滑“自救” 3、向外界求“救” "Three escapes" 1. Using a fire escape to "escape" 2. Using a rope to climb down, "escaping" 3. Asking the outside word for help on "escaping" “三不”—— 1、“不”乘普通电梯 2、“不”轻易跳楼 3、“不”贪恋财物 "Three nos" 1. "NO" to elevators. 2. "NO" to jumping out of buildings. 3. "NO" to being greedy.。
3.火灾逃生方法（英语）
1)we can use a wet towel, put it in front of our noses and mouthes,it can make the air you breath more fresh. 2)if the fire is not very big ,you can wear a wet sheet（床单）or a wet quilt（被子），than ran away. 3)if it is *** oky , do not open the window at once ,it may bring more oxygen（氧气），than the fire will be much bigger.。
4.英语学习 谁能给几个火灾自救的方法,用英文写,感激不尽,一定要
As we know, our country suffered heavy ice early 2011. Everything was covered with freezing rain. Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan suffered the most. It caused the buses, trains and planes stop service. The disaster destroyed power facilities, cutting power supplies in many areas. As a result, huge economic loss was caused. Many people could not work and live normally. There was no food, water or light in some places. Our government called on people to fight against heavy snow. As a student, I think we should learn from those heroes. We must study hard at school. We should learn all kinds of knowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer.
这个是范文，一点错误没有的。下面我再给你几个双语的
“三要”——
1、“要”熟悉自己住所的环境
2、“要”遇事保持沉着冷静
3、“要”警惕烟毒的侵害 "Three musts"
1. "You must" be familiar with your surroundings.
2. "You must" keep calm at all times.
3. "You must" keep yourself from breathing in the *** oke. “三救”——
1、选择逃生通道自“救”
2、结绳下滑“自救”
3、向外界求“救” "Three escapes"
1. Using a fire escape to "escape"
2. Using a rope to climb down, "escaping"
3. Asking the outside word for help on "escaping" “三不”——
1、“不”乘普通电梯
2、“不”轻易跳楼
3、“不”贪恋财物 "Three nos"
1. "NO" to elevators.
2. "NO" to jumping out of buildings.
3. "NO" to being greedy.
5.翻译为英文 火灾逃生技巧
“In case of a fire”
“三要”——
1、“要”熟悉自己住所的环境
2、“要”遇事保持沉着冷静
3、“要”警惕烟毒的侵害
"Three musts"
1. "You must" be familiar with your surroundings.
2. "You must" keep calm at all times.
3. "You must" keep yourself from breathing in the *** oke.
“三救”——
1、选择逃生通道自“救”
2、结绳下滑“自救”
3、向外界求“救”
"Three escapes"
1. Using a fire escape to "escape"
2. Using a rope to climb down, "escaping"
3. Asking the outside word for help on "escaping"
“三不”——
1、“不”乘普通电梯
2、“不”轻易跳楼
3、“不”贪恋财物
"Three nos"
1. "NO" to elevators.
2. "NO" to jumping out of buildings.
3. "NO" to being greedy.
6.跪求 防火安全常识 英语作文
People know the dangers of fires. It's good for us to know how to protect us from fire.
Firstly, get a *** oke alarm in the house. It can make a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house immediately in case of emergency.
Secondly, have an escaping plan. Make sure we all know where is the safety exit of your house. In case of fire emergency, everyone should follow the right way to escape.
Last but not least, it is necessary for every family to buy a fire extinguisher, better safe than sorry. And also make sure that every family member know how to use it.
7.用英文：防火知识,救火知识,逃离火场
Fire safety is a ponent of Building Safety. It concerns safety measures to prevent the effects of fires and is the result of proper use of fire protection measures. Some elements include: * Having built a facility in accordance with the version of the local building code that was in effect at the time a building permit was applied for. * Maintaining a facility and conducting oneself in accordance with the provisions of the fire code, from the moment that the building was occupied. This is based on thorough knowledge of the code by the owner and ensuring that the occupants and operators of the building are fully aware of the currently applicable regulations, including supplementary documents that may be applicable, which are referenced in the fire code, such as, as an example, NFPA13 or NFPA96. Examples of such lawful conduct include, but are not limited to, the following: o Not exceeding the maximum occupancy listing for any part of the building (Making sure that an area isn't so full of people that they can't all get out quickly in an emergency). o Maintaining proper fire exits and proper signage of them (e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power failure) o Placing and maintaining fire extinguishers and fire alarms in easily accessible places. o Properly storing/using, and/or banning of flammable materials that may be needed inside the building for storage or operational requirements (such as solvents in spray booths). o Routinely inspecting public buildings for violations, issuing Orders To ply and, potentially, prosecuting or closing buildings that are not in pliance, until the violations are corrected or condemning it in extreme cases. o Installing and maintaining fire alarm control panels for quick detection and warning of fire. o Obtaining and maintaining a plete inventory of firestops. o Ensuring that all spray fireproofing remains undamaged. o Maintaining a high level of training and awareness of occupants and users of the building to avoid obvious mistakes, such as the propping open of fire doors. o Conduct Fire drills at regular intervals throughout the year .And explosion hazards arising from storage, handling, or use of dangerous materials, or from other specific hazardous conditions. The fire code plements the building code. In the event of changes to fire safety provisions within a building, or a change of occupancy, the fire code typically references the building code, which can result in a requirement upon the owner to apply for a building permit to ensure proper review and lawful execution of contemplated changes that can have an effect upon fire safety and/or structural integrity. The building code includes construction requirements to minimise fire spread, enable suppression and detection and to provide for safe and rapid evacuation in the event of a fire. Although both codes address similar issues, the fire code is aimed primarily at preventing fires in the first place, including outside of buildings, and that necessary training and equipment will be on hand and the design basis of the building, which includes a basic plan set out by the architect is not promised. The fire code also addresses inspection and maintenance requirements of various fire protection equipment in order to maintain optimal active fire protection and passive fire protection measures, with the aim of preserving stringent bounding. A typical fire safety code includes administrative sections about the rule-making and enforcement process, and other substantive sections dealing with fire suppression equipment, particular hazards such as containers and transportation for bustible materials, and specific rules for hazardous occupancies, industrial processes, and exhibitions.。
8.跪求 防火安全常识 英语作文
Forest fire is everyone's responsibility Forest as the renewable natural resources and the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem, in the survival and development of mankind history plays an irreplaceable role. The forest has the reputation of lung of the earth, it can greatly absorb carbon dioxide, and constantly create a human and other organi *** s need oxygen. The forest is the oxygen factory, is a dust filter, is a natural reservoir, is a natural air conditioning 。
。 The forest gives us the inexhaustible benefits! The forest is whole countryman economy lasts, fast, healthy development of the foundation, it is in the national economic construction has irreplaceable status and role.The forest and the people's production and life are closely linked, but the forest is facing the threat of fire! Fire can make valuable natural resources e to nothing! Fire can cause people to lose the precious life! The number of human civilization in the fire disappear? How many precious wealth in the fire disappear?Please see the following terrible lesson: in 2004, a town in Fujian province a hill. Because there was a farmer in a field of weeds in burned accidentally cause of forest fires, the affected forest area of 28 hectares, the fire lasted 19 hours, the fire direct cost 26000 yuan! Causing the death of 8 people! In 2006, a state-owned forestry centre for the village because *** oking cause of forest fires. Forest Lawn victimization area of 1000 mu, 4 firefighters died!Forest fires occur due to human factors and natural factors two, wherein, the human factors account for a major proportion of. Human factors are the main field and open up wasteland; field and keep warm by the fire; fire flooding wild beast; field littered cigarette and *** oke. Fire and water have no mercy., is not a joke, there is old saying goes: those who play with fire will burn! One careless move, can bring to the forest crowning calamity to human beings themselves, bring endless grief! People are weak awareness of fire prevention has led to a disastrous consequences!As a pupil of what we can do? I think I should start from our own, strictly abide by the rules for primary school students, not in the wild fire. And to do *** all forest fire propagandist work, into their own village, and protect the forest uncle aunts a, publicity the importance of fire, tell people to forest fire prevention. To help improve people's consciousness of fire prevention. I want to you uncle aunt call: forest fire protection is everyone's responsibility! Prevention of forest fire prevention in!。
9.跪求消防知识
Fire cause person casualties's two main aspects: one is the *** oke gas suffocation, 2 is a flame burns and powerful radiation. As long as it can avoid or reduce the two harm, can protect their safety and limit the damage. Therefore, grasp the gist, save some fire dilemma maybe could acquire second life.1. Fire self-help, always keep your eyes open for escape roadEach person to oneself work, study or living building structure and escapes the path to do to understand somewhat, must be familiar with the structures within the fire control facilities and self-rescue escape method. So, when the fire broke out, won't back's against the wall. When you are in unfamiliar environment, be sure to watch the evacuation passageway and safety exports and stair azimuth, etc. To key time away from the scene as soon as possible.2. Extinguish fire *** all, benefit others and themselvesWhen when there is a fire, if the fire is not big, and who had yet to cause great threat, should make full use of the surrounding fire equipment, such as fire extinguisher, fire hydrant facilities will be *** all fire control and extermination. Don't panic to yell, or buy others scurrying about in disregard and self-centered "glide path", or buy *** all fire had inflicted on lead.3. Caught fire, keep calm speed evacuatedSuddenly faced with *** oke and fire, must keep calm, rapid judgment dangerous place and safe place to escape, decided to evacuate XianDe as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow crowds and mutual crowded, disorderly ran rampant. Only cool, can a good idea.4. The danger, cherish life as soon as possible, mozambican themselvesAt the site, life expensive than money. The danger, escape is heavy, must race against time, remember not money.5. Leave quickly, crawl mo standingIn from the site, when the *** oke and sight is not clear, was choking you are suffocatively e, don't stand walking, should quickly climbed on the ground or squat down, in order to seek escape route.6. Use channel, mo into the elevator go blind alleyWhen there is a fire, besides can use stair safety export outside, still can use the balcony, windowsill buildings, skylight etc climbed the security site, or around BiLeiXian etc。
, along the building structure that in my slide protruding.7. Fireworks besieged, hedge adherence to wiselyWhen escape routes cut and a short time when no rescue, can adopt find or create shelter, adherence to the kind of way. First should meet the doors and Windows, fire securing the doors and Windows, fire open back with wet towel, wet cloth soaked with water chink or blockage covered Windows, then quilt keep water drenching room, prevent fireworks infiltration, adherence to aid.8. Jump to leading cunning, no harm to the bodyHas many people choose to jump off a building fire escape. Jumped to also want to speak skills, jump into lifesaving should as far as possible when jumping or choose to have central air cushion pool, soft rain canopy, meadow direction jump; If possible, try to embrace some quilts, sofa cushion loose items or open big umbrella jumped off the to slow down wallop.9. Fire and oneself, on-site stampedes roll moThe fire fall his clothes on fire, should hurriedly try to take off clothes or on-site roll around, pressure fire-extinguishing seedlings; Can promptly jumped into the water or let a person to water, spray fire-extinguishing agent on more effective.10. The danger, self-help mo forget save othersAnyone find a fire, should call 119 "phone as soon as possible in time to cry for help, fire brigade newspaper. The children and LaoRuoBingCanZhe fire, they I do not have or lost self-help ability, the other people present except self-rescue outside, still should actively salvage they escaped as soon as possible. 火灾致人伤亡的两个主要方面：一是浓烟毒气窒息，二是火焰的烧伤和强大的热辐射。只要能避开或降低这两种危害，就可以保护自身安全，减轻伤害。
因此，多掌握一些火场自救的要诀，困境中也许就能获得第二次生命。1.火灾自救，时刻留意逃生路每个人对自己工作、学习或居住的建筑物的结构及逃生路径要做到有所了解，要熟悉建筑物内的消防设施及自救逃生的方法。
这样，火灾发生时，就不会走投无路了。当你处于陌生的环境时，务必留心疏散通道、安全出口及楼梯方位等，以便关键时候能尽快逃离现场。
2.扑灭小火，惠及他人利自身当发生火灾时，如果火势不大，且尚未对人造成很大威胁时，应充分利用周围的消防器材，如灭火器、消防栓等设施将小火控制、扑灭。千万不要惊慌失措地乱叫乱窜，或置他人于不顾而只顾自己“开溜”，或置小火于不顾而酿成大灾。
3.突遇火灾，保持镇静速撤离突然面对浓烟和烈火，一定要保持镇静，迅速判断危险地点和安全地点，。
10.跪求 防火安全常识 英语作文
1.父母、师长要教育儿童养成不玩火的好习惯。
任何单位不得组织未成年人扑救火灾。 2.切莫乱扔烟头和火种。
3.室内装修装饰不宜采用易燃可燃材料。 4.消火栓关系公共安全，切勿损坏、圈占或埋压。
5.爱护消防器材，掌握常用消防器材的使用方法。 6.切勿携带易燃易爆物品进入公共场所、乘坐公共交通工具。
7.进入公共场所要注意观察消防标志，记住疏散方向。 8.在任何情况下都要保持疏散通道畅通。
9.任何人发现有危及公共消防安全的行为，都可向公安消防部门或值勤公安人员举报。 10.生活用火要特别小心，火源附近不要放置可燃、易燃物品。
11.发现煤气泄漏，速关阀门，打开门窗，切勿触动电器开关和使用明火。 12.电器线路破旧老化要及时修理更换。
13.电路保险丝（片）熔断，切勿用铜线铁线代替。 14.不能超负荷用电。
15.发现火灾速打报警电话 119，消防队救火不收费。 16.了解火场情况的人，应及时将火场内被围人员及易燃易爆物品情况告诉消防人员。
17.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不要贪恋财物。 18.必须穿过浓烟逃生时，应尽量用浸湿的衣物被裹身体，捂住口鼻，贴近地面。
19.身上着火，可就地打滚，或用厚重衣物覆盖压灭火苗。 20.大火封门无法逃生时，可用浸湿的被褥、衣物等堵塞门缝、泼水降温，呼救待援。

关于泰拳的英语说明文

Muay Thai is a combat sport from the muay martial arts of Thailand that uses stand-up striking along with various clinching techniques. This physical and mental discipline which includes combat on shins is known as "the art of eight limbs" because it is characterized by the combined use of fists, elbows, knees, shins , being associated with a good physical preparation that makes a full-contact fighter very efficient. Muay Thai became widespread internationally in the twentieth century, when practitioners defeated notable practitioners of other martial arts. A professional league is governed by the World Muay Thai Council.
Muay boran, and therefore Muay Thai, was originally called by more generic names such as pahuyuth (from the Sanskrit bahu-yuddha meaning unarmed combat), Toi muay or simply muay. As well as being a practical fighting technique for use in actual warfare, muay became a sport in which the opponents fought in front of spectators who went to watch for entertainment. These muay contests gradually became an integral part of local festivals and celebrations, especially those held at temples. Eventually, the previously bare-fisted fighters started wearing lengths of hemp rope around their hands and forearms. This type of match was called muay khat chueak. Kickboxing was also a component of military training and gained prominence during the reign of King Naresuan in 1560 CE.
Muay Thai is referred to as the "Art of Eight Limbs" or the "Science of Eight Limbs", because it makes use of punches, kicks, elbows and knee strikes, thus using eight "points of contact", as opposed to "two points" (fists) in boxing and "four points" (hands and feet) used in other more regulated combat sports, such as kickboxing and savate. A practitioner of muay Thai is known as a nak muay. Western practitioners are sometimes called Nak Muay Farang, meaning "foreign boxer."
King Rama VII (r. 1925–35) pushed for codified rules for muay, and they were put into place. Thailand's first boxing ring was built in 1921 at Suan Kularp. Referees were introduced and rounds were now timed by kick. Fighters at the Lumpinee Kickboxing Stadium began wearing modern gloves, as well as hard groin protectors, during training and in boxing matches against foreigners. Traditional rope-binding (Kaad Chuek) made the hands a hardened, dangerous striking tool. The use of knots in the rope over the knuckles made the strikes more abrasive and damaging for the opponent while protecting the hands of the fighter. This rope-binding was still used in fights between Thais but after the occurrence of a death in the ring, it was decided that fighters should wear gloves and cotton coverlets over the feet and ankles. It was also around this time that the term muay Thai became commonly used while the older form of the style came to be known as muay boran, which is now performed primarily as an exhibition art form.
With the success of muay Thai in the mixed martial arts, it has become the de facto style of choice for competitive stand-up fighters. As a result, western practitioners have incorporated much more powerful hand striking techniques from boxing although some Thai purists accuse them of diluting the art.
In 1993, the International Federation of Muaythai Amateur, or IFMA was inaugurated. It became the governing body of amateur Muay Thai consisting of 128 member countries worldwide and is recognized by Olympic Council of Asia.
In 1995, World Muaythai Council, the oldest and largest professional sanctioning organizations of Muay Thai was set up by the Royal Thai Government and sanctioned by the Sports Authority of Thailand.
In 1995, the World Muay Thai Federation was founded via the merger of two existing organizations, and established in Bangkok. as of August 2012, it had over 70 member countries. Its President is elected at the World Muay Thai Congress.
Today, there are thousands of gyms spread out across the globe.
Formal muay Thai techniques are divided into two groups: mae mai or major techniques and luk mai or minor techniques. Muay Thai is often a fighting art of attrition, where opponents exchange blows with one another. This is certainly the case with traditional stylists in Thailand, but is a less popular form of fighting in the contemporary world fighting circuit where the Thai style of exchanging blow for blow is no longer favorable. Almost all techniques in muay Thai use the entire body movement, rotating the hip with each kick, punch, elbow and block.
Like most competitive full contact fighting sports, muay Thai has a heavy focus on body conditioning. Muay Thai is specifically designed to promote the level of fitness and toughness required for ring competition. Training regimens include many staples of combat sport conditioning such as running, shadowboxing, rope jumping, body weight resistance exercises, medicine ball exercises, abdominal exercises, and in some cases weight training. Thai boxers rely heavily on kicks utilizing the shin bone. As such, practitioners of muay Thai will repeatedly hit a dense heavy bag with their shins, conditioning it, hardening the bone through a process called cortical remodeling.
Training that is specific to a Thai fighter includes training with coaches on Thai Pads, focus mitts, heavy bag, and sparring. The daily training includes many rounds (3–5 minute periods broken up by a short rest, often 1–2 minutes) of these various methods of practice. Thai Pad training is a cornerstone of muay Thai conditioning which involves practicing punches, kicks, knees, and elbow strikes with a trainer wearing thick pads which cover the forearms and hands. These special pads (often referred to as Thai pads) are used to absorb the impact of the fighter’s strikes and allow the fighter to react to the attacks of the pad holder in a live situation. The trainer will often also wear a belly pad around the abdominal area so that the fighter can attack with straight kicks or knees to the body at anytime during the round.
Focus mitts are specific to training a fighter’s hand speed, punch combinations, timing, punching power, defense, and counter-punching and may also be used to practice elbow strikes. Heavy bag training is a conditioning and power exercise that reinforces the techniques practiced on the pads. Sparring is a means to test technique, skills, range, strategy, and timing against a partner. Sparring is often a light to medium contact exercise because competitive fighters on a full schedule are not advised to risk injury by sparring hard. Specific tactics and strategies can be trained with sparring including in close fighting, clinching and kneeing only, cutting off the ring, or using reach and distance to keep an aggressive fighter away.
Due to the rigorous training regimen (some Thai boxers fight almost every other week) professional boxers in Thailand have relatively short careers in the ring. Many retire from competition to begin instructing the next generation of Thai fighters. Most professional Thai boxers come from the lower economic backgrounds, and the fight money (after the other parties get their cut) is sought as means of support for the fighters and their families. Very few higher economic strata Thais join the professional muay Thai ranks; they usually either do not practice the sport or practice it only as amateur muay Thai boxers.