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Mr geen sent his daughter to school last year的被动语态

教育综合
2024-09-15 07:57:20

新概念英语第二册lesson34~36语法及课文重点

新概念英语第二册lesson34语法及课文重点
重要句型或语法
被动语态
本课的被动语态侧重的是“动词+宾语+to do”的结构转为被动语态后的结构“be done to do”。如：They asked me to make a speech. 这句话转换为被动语态后就是：I was asked to make a speech.
课文主要语言点
Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 1)all week，整周。也可以说all the week。 2)be worried，担心、忧虑。Worried为形容词化的过去分词。
Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. 1)receive...from…，从某处收到某物。注意receive的拼写。 2)local，当地的。 3)police，可数名词，警察的总称。个体名词为policewoman或policeman。
In the letter he was asked to call at the station. 1)ask sb. to do sth.，要求某人做某事。注意与ask sb. a question(询问某人问题)的区别。此外，此类结构改为被动语态之后，to do结构不作任何变化。 2)call at，拜访。该短语后面只能接地点。
Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. 1)wonder，作为动词，表示想知道，相当于want to know。作为名词，表示奇迹。 2)why he was wanted by the police，作为wondered的宾语从句，所以其语序要采用陈述句语序。 3)注意and连接的并列句，前后采用了不同的时态，因为描述的是不同时间的动作。 4)not...anymore，不再。
At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. 1)smiling，面带微笑的。 2)可提问学生为什么find要采用过去完成时(因为was told已经是过去的了，自行车被发现是之前发生的，即过去的过去)。
Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 1)the policeman told him，用作插入语。 2)pick up，发现，相当于find。pick up还可以表示习得(语言)、养成(习惯)、用车载。 3)four hundred miles away，四百英里远。距离+away，表示距离多远。
It is now being sent to his home by train. 1)注意被动语态be done by的进行时结构为：be being done by。 2)be sent to，被送往某地或送给某人。 3)此处的home是指物理意义上的住址。
Dan was most surprise when he heard the news. 1)注意此处的most不是级，因为前面没有定冠词，而是副词，表示很、非常，相当于very。 2)注意heard的发音。
He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. 1)amused，愉快的，觉得好笑的。 2)expect…to do，期望/预期某人或某物做某事。
It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen! 1)注意steal的过去式和过去分词形式。 2)a boy of fifteen，十五岁的男孩。注意a boy/girl of+年龄，表示多大的男孩或女孩。
读写重点
本课为记叙文，作者在事件的先后铺垫和承接上，充分利用了各种衔接的手段。比如，第3句以in the letter开头，一来可以起到承上的作用，因为第2句话里提到了a letter，二来又起到了很好的启下的作用，引出了信件中所写的内容。再比如，第5句以at the station开头，既承接了第4句里提到的went to the station，又引出了新的信息——在警察局发生的事情。
其中，最为巧妙的运用是第6句中的插入语the policeman told him。因为该句剩余的成分其实都是told的宾语，但作者却把主句作为插入语来处理，从而使得原先的宾语从句成了主句，进而得到了很好的强调突出。
新概念英语第二册lesson35语法及课文重点
【知识点讲解】
1 A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he has not regretted it.
然而就在前不久，他开上了公共汽车，也并不为此而感到后悔。
(1)a short while ago，不久前的意思
(2)however在句中做插入语，意思为“然而”
(3) regret v. 后悔，常用搭配有：
regret sth. You will regret it. 你会为此而后悔的
regret to do:很遗憾要去做 regret doing：很遗憾已经做 regret that…… 遗憾+从句
I regret to tell you a bad news.
我很遗憾地告诉你一个坏消息。
I regret telling him the news.
我很遗憾我告诉了你这个坏消息。
We regret that we are unable to reconsider your case.
我们很遗憾无法再考虑你的情况。
2 He is finding his new work far more exciting.
他发觉自己的新工作令人兴奋得多。
far在本句中是副词，放在比较级的形容词前，表示程度，可以译作“很”、“大大地”
The problem is far more difficult for me.
这个问题对我来说太难了。
3 He saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.
他看到有两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来，奔向等在那里的一辆汽车。
在动词see后面接不定式时，不定式要省去to，如本句中的rush和run两个不定式。
I saw him go down the stairs.
我看见他下楼梯了。
4 The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了。
句中such……that……的结构有“如此……以至于……”的意思，such后要跟名词。
He is a such a person that everyone wants to make friends with him.
他是这样的一个人，每个人都想和他交朋友。
5 While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.
当那辆被撞坏的车开走后，罗伊停下车，给警察挂了电话。
battered adj. 撞坏的它的构成是“动词+ed”，这类的形容词表示“被……”
damaged:被刮坏了
destroyed car:车子坏了不能修
damaged car:车子坏了能修
battered car:车变形
battered bag:破旧不堪的包
新概念英语第二册lesson36语法及课文重点
重要句型或语法
将来时
本课主要复习之前学过的表将来的时态和句型，主要有：一般将来时、将来进行时和be going to do。如：
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat.
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
课文主要语言点
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. 1)注意区分be going to do(侧重主观打算或意图)和will do。注意be going to do不是一般将来时，是一种表将来的句型。 2)swim across，横渡。 3)the English Channel，英吉利海峡。这是专有名称，所以首字母要大写。channel，海峡、海湾。
She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. 1)set out，出发。相当于set off。 2)coast，海岸。
Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. 1)注意eleven years old中的years old可以省略，但不能说eleven years(十一年，而不是十一岁)。 2)hope to do，希望做某事。 3)set up，创造、建立。 4)a world record，世界纪录。注意record作为名词时，重音在第一个音节，但用作动词时，重音在第二个音节。
She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. 1)a strong swimmer，游泳健将、游泳能手。 2)feel，认为、觉得。相当于think或believe。 3)be sure to do，肯定会。 4)succeed，成功。注意如果要表达成功做成某事，其用法为：succeed in doing sth.。其名词形式为success。
Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. 1)set out with her，和她一起出发。with sb.，表示伴随，意为“与某人一道、一起”。 2)train，训练、驯服。 3)for years，多年。for+一段时间，是完成时的标志性时间状语。
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. 1)可提问学生为什么此处的watch要采用将来进行时(因为课文要强调的是Mr. Hart会一路照看着Debbie)。 2)anxiously，焦虑地、焦急地。源自anxious，其名词为anxiety。 3)注意“swim+the long distance to+地点”，游过通往某地的长远距离。
Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. 1)intend to do sth.，打算、意图做某事。intend的名词为intention。 2)take short rests，短暂休息。之所以用复数，是因为Debbie中途将不止作一次短暂休息。 3)every two hours，每两小时，即每隔一小时。注意“every+时间”和“every other+时间”的区别。可以考虑用数学公式来表达两者的区别，即：every=every other+1。
She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. 1)have something to drink，喝点东西。 2)注意句中的but前加上逗号。 3)solid food，固体食物。solid，固体。可拓展液体和气体的表达，即liquid和gas。
Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. 1)school friend，同学、校友。 2)可提问学生为什么本句话要采用将来进行时(因为Debbie的同学们明天都计划好一定会在英国海岸等她)。
Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 1)注意本句话采用了倒装结构，目的是为了凸显句子的主语Debbie's mother，同时也是为了确保先行词Debbie's mother与其非限定性定语从句(who引导的从句)是前后紧邻的，否则对于读者来说会产生理解上的困难。 2)herself在此起到强调作用。
读写重点
本课最后一句话非常值得深究和学习：Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 本句话采用了倒装语序，达到了多重的表达目的：
首先，因为前一句话讲到了Debbie's school friends，而本句话以among them开头，从语篇的话题转换来说，起到了承上启下的衔接作用，因为them就是指前面提到的school friends;
其次，采用了倒装，本句话的主语Debbie's mother就被置于句末，利用了句子尾重的原理，使得该主语得到了强调;
最后，因为Debbie's mother后面还跟有一个非限定性定语从句，句子倒装之后，使得先行词Debbie's mother与其定语从句实现了前后的紧邻，从而避免了定语从句如果置于句中所导致的头重脚轻的问题。

初中被动语态讲解

TENSE 主动语态被动语态
一般现在时 be\V\Vs am\is\are+Vpp
一般将来时 will+V will be +Vpp
现在进行时 am\is\are+Ving am\is\are+being+Vpp
一般过去时 ①was\were②Ved was\were+Vpp
一般完成时 have\has+Vpp have\has+been+Vpp
过去完成时 had+Vpp had+been+Vpp
过去进行时 was\were+Ving was\were+being+Vpp
情态动词 can+V can+be+V
被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀：
一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词)
2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P
3.一般将来时 will be+P.P
4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P
5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
6.现在完成时 have\has been+P.P
7.过去完成时 had been+P.P
语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
"一干二听三让四看半帮助”要加to
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]
备注
（1）上表中'*'，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied for 3 years by us off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)
我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
核能已用来发电。 7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)
主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为什么这么干。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动：They had build three ships by last December. 被动： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。 Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。
例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)
主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。主动：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold. 被动：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers. "铅砖"外面被设法骗钱的商人和骗子们镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。
主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.他们将问你许多怪题。
被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。
主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。
同样
Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗?
但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：
一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。
主动should (would) do，被动be done代原形。
将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。
主动：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被动：...whether the new plan would be carriedout ahead of time. 几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。
主动：I did not say that we would change the equipment. 被动：I did not say that the equipment would be changed. 我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同．have (has) been doing,
即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。
例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。
In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) 几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。
现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done
即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：主动: We must keep this in mind. 被动：This must be kept in mind.
我们必须把这个记在心里。
主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place. 我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。
主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动：The washing machine will not be used again.
我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will．
主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall变will)
我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。
再如：主动：We shall have to adopt a different attitude. 被动：A different attitude will have to be adopted. 我们将不得不采取另一种态度.
主动：You are to leave the bag here. 被动: The bag is to be left here. (are to随新主语变为is to) 你应把包裹放在这儿。
主动：They used to start these engines by hand. 被动：These engines used to be started by hand. 过去他们用手启动马达。
主动: We are going to paint the wall green. 被动：The all is going to be painted green. 我们打算把墙刷成绿色。主动：You needn't type this letter. 被动：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不变助动词) 你不必把这封信打字。
主动：You should have taken those books back to the library.
被动：Those books should have been taken back to the library.
你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。主动：They may have left it in the sun. 被动：It may have been left in the sun. 他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。
may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用于疑问句。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前
在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。
例：Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?
not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike? 为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢? The exercises will not be done in class. 不可写成：The exercise will be not done in class. 我们将不在课堂上作练习。 Why had he been imprisoned? 他为何入狱的?
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。
What measures(主语) are being taken to develop this new science? (主语为疑问词what所修饰)
正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?
What kind of device(主语) is needed to make the control system simple? (主语为疑问词所修饰) 需要什么装置来使控制系统简化? what has been done to improve the techniques? 采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的? (what恰是句子的主语) 应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了, 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词．反身代词动词，同源宾语动词．系词．感官使役动词，短语动词的被动态。
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。不用被动语态的情况

主动语态和被动语态的转换

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
Many people speak English．（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）
The door is open．（门开了。）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）
3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：
History is made by the people．�The people make history．
4．不能用于被动语态的情况
1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：
They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。
How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？
Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
They arrived at a decision．�A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。
They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．）
He looked into the question．�The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。
3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如：
The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。
4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：
His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。
This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。
The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。
The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。
5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如：
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿？
The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。
Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。
She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。
6）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：
Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。
7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。
We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。
8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如：
They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。
9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。
The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
5．某些动词的主动形式表被动含义
英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean， drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如：
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。
The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。
The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。
These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。
注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如：
The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）
His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）
His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义
1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。
Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。
This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。
3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：
Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）
The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）
This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）
b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：
I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）
He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：
I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：
There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出。
5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：
How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。