capture what a meaningful life is about 句子分析

请帮忙分析下面这个句子。资料上说what引导的是一个宾语从句，表示不理解。请大伙帮忙解答。谢谢！

There is disagreement among economists这是主句，about及后面的是解释不同意的内容的，对于整个句子成分来说，about介词后接的宾语从句，介宾嘛，而what money is 这个从句中，what在句子中的成分是表语：money is what

高一英语竞赛模拟试题

完形填空(Cloze test)
A)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后根据空白处所给单词的首字母,写出各单词的完全形式,使短文语义完整。
In the early 19th century an amazing thing happened in America. Nearly half a million people left their homes and “h_______ (51)” West along what was called “the Oregon Trail(俄勒冈道路)”,a path across the country to California and Oregon.What m_______ (52) them set out on this epic(壮丽的) journey across sweltering(酷热的) hot deserts,fast-flowing rivers and high mountains?The men and women who risked(冒险) their lives to c_______ (53) these wild and dangerous regions were called “settlers”. They were escaping from poverty and hardship in the East and they were all looking for a new beginning and a better life in the West.
How did they find out about the opportunities(良机) that existed in the West?It s_______ (54)that travellers who had been there on trading expeditions b_______ (55) stories of warmer winters and of good farming land that was being given away by the government. Then,in 1849 news c_______ (56)that men had just discovered gold in California.
By the early 1850s, people were rushing to reach the West. Some settlers could r_______ (57)because they had bought horses,but most of them had to walk.On the journey,they m_______ (58)many dangers.They were crossing land that was mostly desert,so there was very little food or water.They were often attacked by the Indians who l_______ (59)in those territories(领域) and they were also threatened by dangerous animals like snakes,and herds of wild buffalo.There was a se-rious danger of illness,and many settlers did not r_______ (60)the West alive.But change was coming to the American West.By 1870,a new railway had been completed and the Oregon Trail had become a part of history.
B)阅读下列短文,然后根据上下文填上适当的单词使短文完整通顺。
Miss Black was a teacher in a big school in a city in America.She had boys and girls in her class,and she always enjoyed__________ (61)them,because they were quick,and they thought about everything very carefully. One day she__________ (62)to the children,“People in a lot of__________ (63)in Asia wear white clothes when a man has died,but people in America or in European countries__________ (64)white clothes when they are happy.What color does a woman wear in these countries when she marries,Mary?”Mary said,“White,Miss,because she is hap-py.”“That's good,Mary,”Miss Black said.“You are (65). She wears white because she is__________ (66).”
But then one of the boys put__________ (67)his hand.“Yes,”Miss Black said.“Do you want to ask something,Dick?”“Yes,Miss,”Dick said.“__________ (68) do men wear black in these countries__________ (69) they marry,Miss?”When Miss Black__________ (70)this,she didn't know what to say.
参考答案：
A)51.headed 52.made 53.cross 54.seems 55.brought 56.came
57.ride 58.met 59.lived 60.reach
B)61.teaching 62.said 63.countries 64.wear 65.right 66.happy
67.up 68.Why 69.when 70.heard
阅读理解(Reading comprehension)(共30小题,计30分)
A)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(A)
August 16,1993
Dear Mary,
We have been pen pals(笔友) for more than one year now.It's fun to have a pen pal,isn't it?
This year I'm starting high school.I'm really excited.Everything will be different from things in junior high school.I'll have more classes,and each class will be in a different classroom.My school is very big,so I'm still a little worried because we have only five minutes between classes to get to the next room.
The students can eat lunch in the dinning-room.However,because there are so many students,there are two different lunch times—first lunch and second lunch.I really hope I will be able to eat with my friends.But I'm not sure yet what time I will have lunch.
I will have a locker in high school.In the locker I can keep my textbooks,notebooks,coats,and other things.This is my favorite thing about going to high school.Two students have to share each locker,but I can choose anyone to be my locker partner(伙伴). My friend Kim is going to be my partner.We are planning to put our favorite pictures on the locker door.
Please send me a new picture of yourself!OK?
Well,write soon.Bye.
Best wishes,
Cindy
21.How long have Mary and Cindy written to each other?__________
22.When will Cindy go to high school?__________ __________ __________
23.By whom is the lunch time decided?__________ __________ __________
24.The word “locker” here means “__________ ”.
25.What are Cindy and Kim planning to do with their locker?
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
(B)
During the Emergency(非常时期) in Malaya,a police officer was usually together with British troops when they were searching for terrorists.One day,a police officer went into the jungle(丛林) with a patrol of troops(巡逻队) who had just arrived in Malaya.Before he started on patrol,the officer filled his water-bottle with beer.
Several hours later,the patrol stopped for a rest.The officer took a tablet(药片) used by soldiers to make stream water fit to drink.He dropped the tablet into his water-bottle,knowing that it would not affect(影响) the beer.Two soldiers watched the officer with great interest.
“What are you doing?”they asked.“Making beer,”the officer said.“If you drop one of these tablets into the bottle of stream water,it makes good quality beer.You can have a taste if you like.”
The officer let the two soldiers taste the beer in his water-bottle.“Very good!”they said.“Very good.Where can we get these tablets?”“Oh,from most shops in town,”the officer said.He did not tell the truth that it was impossible to change water into beer simply by dropping in a tablet.He knew that the soldiers had recently arrived from England and did not know anything about Malaya.
For the next two months,traders(商人) in nearby towns were surprised when British soldiers came in and wanted to buy beer tablets.It was a long time before the soldiers discovered that the officer had cheated them.By that time,the officer had been transferred(调动) to another city.
26.The probable Chinese meaning of “terrorist” is__________ .
A.恐怖分子 B.叛徒 C.特务 D.密探
27.The police officer__________ in the jungle.
A.was searching for terrorists B.was looking for a patrol of troops
C.was making an experiment D.was having a rest
28.The officer let the soldiers drink some of the beer because .
A.he liked the two soldiers B.he wanted to sell his beer
C.he knew that the two soldiers were eager to drink the beer
D.he wanted the soldiers to believe what he had said
29.Which is NOT TRUE according to the story?
A.The tablet is used to clean the stream water.
B.The tablet can not change stream water into beer.
C.At first,the British soldiers knew nothing about Malaya.
D.The soldiers soon found that they had been cheated.
30.What do you think of the police officer?
A.He was very clever.
B.He was used to putting tablets into beer.
C.He loved his family. D.Both A and C.
B)阅读下列短文,然后回答问题或完成句子。
(C)
David was in bed because he had been ill.Feeling better one morning,he sat up.Bright sunlight was streaming through(穿过) the window.“Mother!”he called out.“Come and see the tiny specks(微粒)in the air.”Mrs Lawson told David that what he could see was only dust.He asked,“Why does it come in that narrow piece of air?”“Silly.The dust is in the air everywhere.It enters through doors and windows,but we can only see it when strong light shows it to us.It is in the air we breathe,but luckily we have hairs inside our nose.They catch dust and prevent it going down our lungs(肺).”David's mother brought a duster and started to wipe his dressing table.“See,”she said,“the dust settles(落)on furniture(家俱),on our skin and clothes.When it is thick enough,we can see it clearly on polished(磨光的)wood.Dust is made of soil,grains of pollen(花粉),smoke from fires and even germs(菌).”“Thanks,Mum,”said David.“I was feeling better.I think I had better breathe through a handkerchief so I don't get any new germs!”
31.Why did David stay at home?__________ __________ __________
32.What were the tiny specks in the air?__________ __________
33.When can we see the dust in the room?__________ __________
34.What do the hairs inside the nose do?__________ __________
35.What does the underlined word “duster” mean? __________
36.What is dust made of?__________ __________ __________ __________
(D)
Alexander lived some three hundred years before Christ.He was a Greek king and general who conquered(征服)a huge area of the civilised(开化的)world of that day.He brought Greek ideas and customs to these people.
He became King at the age of 20 and was determined(决定) to beat the Persians who were old enemies of the Greeks.By using cavalry(骑兵) cleverly,he attacked(攻打) and occupied(占领) part of Persia that is now the present day country of Turkey.His soldiers also had the advantage(优势) of very long spears of about six metres in length.He then swept down as far as Egypt.The people there welcomed him as they hated their Persian rulers.
Then Alexander turned to attack the rest of Persia.Both sides used cavalry,but Alexander defeated(打败) the Persians again and took their city of Babylon.He conquered the rest of Persia and swept on to Afghanistan and India.
The Indians were attacked,and in spite of using elephants against Alexander,they were defeated.Being such a large country,Alexander could not possibly conquer the whole of India.He decided to turn back and take over the administration(管理)of his empire.
On the return journey through India,Alexander came across a new town with high walls.Determined to capture(征服)it,his men put ladders(梯子)in place to climb the walls.Alexander himself went up and dropped below.With only three other Greeks,he was surrounded(包围)and in danger of being killed.Fortunately,other Greek soldiers dropped down beside him,and helped him.A spear,however,pierced(刺穿)his armour(盔甲). Suddenly a gate in the walls was pushed open and the Greek army entered,they saved Alexander's life.
A few years later,Alexander was in Babylon.At the young age of 33 he was taken ill.The simple medicines of the day could not cure(治愈) him.He became weaker and died in 323 B.C. His body was placed in a gold coffin(棺材) and finally laid to rest in a tomb at Alexandria,a city in Egypt named after him.
37.Egypt was ruled by__________ before Alexander conquered it.
38.How old was Alexander when he became King?__________ __________
39.The Turkish were called__________ in the past.
40.Were the Persian rulers loved by the people?__________ __________
41.Which countries did Alexander begin to fight against after he conquered Persia?__________ __________ __________ __________ __________
42.What did the Indians use to fight against Alexander?__________
43.Why couldn't Alexander control the whole of India?__________
44.Alexander died in his early thirties because__________ .
45.The name of “Alexandria” was given according to__________ .
参考答案：
21.More than one year. 22.In the autumn,1993.
23.It's not mentioned here.
24.a small cupboard
25.To put our favourite pictures on the locker door.
26—30 AADDA
31.Because he was ill. 32.It was dust.
33.When strong light shows it to us.
34.They catch dust and prevent it going down our lungs.
35.A cloth for cleaning furniture,etc.
36.Soil,grains of pollen,smoke from fires and even germs.
37.Persia 38.At the age of 20. 39.Persian
40.No,they weren't. 41.Afghanistan and India.
42.Elephants. 43.Because the country was too large.
44.he was taken ill 45.Alexander's name
选择填空(Multiple-choice test)
A)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Don't read__________ books__________ you can not understand.
A.same;as B.such;what
C.the same;with D.such;as
2.—Do you know Taylor Smith?
—I remember the name but 胡已I can't remember__________ .
A.what does he look like B.what he looks like
C.he looks like what D.like what he looks
3.—Will you come?
—If Mary doesn't come,__________ .
A.so will I B.so do I C.neither will I D.either do I
4.The teacher had explained the sentence to me,but I__________ didn't understand.
A.still B.yet C.always D.already
5.Do you find__________ necessary that I should wear glasses?
A.what B.it C.that D.不填
6.Put on this raincoat,please.The umbrella can't keep the heavy rain__________ .
A.under B.up C.on D.out
7.My father bought me__________ table yesterday.
A.a round small wooden B.a small round wooden
C.round small a wooden D.a wooden round small
8.The soldier hardly knew__________ use the new gun,__________ ?
A.what to;did he B.how to;didn't he
C.when to;didn't he D.how to;did he
9.Several of the stories show how man is__________ .
A.losing his ability to live a rich and meaningful life
B.less and less able to live a rich life with meaning
C.losing his ability to live a rich life and that his life is losing meaning
D.becoming poor of spirit and that meaning is gone from his life
10.Alice is well known__________ her sweet voice__________ all of us.
A.for;to B.about;for C.because of;for D.as;to
11.He was__________ down by a car and was sent to hospital in a hurry.
A.pulled B.put C.knocked D.made
12.—Is Tom an army man?
—No,he is__________ the army.
A.too young to join B.very young to join
C.enough old to join D.too young not to join
13.__________ Jack__________ !He didn't have time for rest.
A.What;is B.How;worked
C.How;is D.What;worked
14.He was a poor teacher who made very little money. Luckily his wife was a good housekeeper who knew how to make a little money go a long way.
A.manage her household
B.go on a long journey with little money
C.earn much money
D.travel without spending money
15.I don't know why children always take to him. Perhaps it's because
he is such an excellent story teller.
A.hate him B.look like him
C.don't believe him D.like him
B)下列5题中的句子可以组成一篇小短文,请从所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
16.The climate of__________ is mainly hot and dry. Apart from the Valley of the River Nile,which runs through the country from south to north,it consists entirely of desert.
A.Egypt B.Japan C.Australia D.America
17.In the summer,the temperature often reaches 45° in the__________ of the country,and 30° in the north.
A.east B.west C.south D.northeast
18.In winter,the weather is cooler,and along the north coast it is often__________ ,with occasional rain.
A.sunny B.windy C.snowy D.cloudy
19.In Cairo it rains on average for three days a year,__________ in the south of the country rain is almost unknown.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
20.There are often gentle breezes from the north throughout the year,except during March and April,__________ a hot,dusty wind blows from the south.
A.when B.where C.which D.how
参考答案：
A)1—5 DBCAB 6—10 DBDAA 11—15 CABAD
B)16—20 ACDBA

关于英语语法的，帮忙分析下这个句子分析下这个句子。各成分，时态等。

that : 主语
is ： 系词
why： 表语
at the age of six,I gave up what might have been a marginificent career as a painter
整个是表语的补足语，用来说明原因到底是什么的。
at the age of six 是一个修饰后面句子的时间状语

急!!!关于t-shirts in usa的作文

1
We humans are social creatures and whilst some of us are more introverted than others (we shun the spotlight) we all still need and crave the respect, admiration and approval of our peers and this is a fundamental need which is possessed by all humans regardless of status in life, personal wealth or power. We are all eager to make our mark on the world, to stand out and allow our individuality to show clearly and prominently and this is why funny t-shirts are so popular because it places us firmly in control.
Many of us feel the need to conform with our peer group and so purchase and wear exactly the same apparel as them meaning that our individuality and personal freedom is sorely restricted indeed. Funny t-shirts provide us with a convenient escape plan meaning that we can have our cake and eat it.
The bitter irony about being human is that whilst we are social creatures and therefore need social interaction in order to thrive and survive, we make things extremely difficult upon ourselves by imposing long winded and arduous obstacles and rituals. The number of rules of etiquette and methods of behaving in different social situations is large and complex indeed and it is little wonder then that many of us are left out on a limb whenever we meet someone new. Both parties have to fight the natural urge to spend the entire conversation talking about themselves, lest they appear too self-absorbed or impolite whilst at the same time professing to enjoy what the other person has to say even when they so clearly do not.
Funny t-shirts are an excellent way to "break the ice" in any social context, whether it is a party, family get together or even a date. It provides common, emotionally neutral ground upon which both parties can meet, and provides a convenient talking point for them both, from there, more substantial and meaningful conversation can be achieved. On that basis then, funny t-shirts can be fairly described as the necessary catalyst which will help lubricate the final success of any social interaction and so whilst the purchase of funny t-shirts maybe little more than a impulse purchase for most people, they serve an extremely beneficial and strategic role in the long term.
People who are contemplating purchasing funny t-shirts raise the question: "what if my date does not get the joke, or otherwise find it not that funny?"
Just because your date doesn't appreciate your particular brand of humor does not mean that the date is a total loss, after all if they take an interest in your T-shirt (for example asking for an explanation of what the joke/significance of it is) this means that again, the ice is broken. Funny t-shirts are also the ideal gift for someone because they are so personal and individualistic, serving to accurately and effectively representing and conveying the personality of the wearer in a more graphical and overt form.
2
There are many companies located in the United States that are beginning to manufacture t-shirts made from all natural products in keeping with going 'green'. The purchase of t-shirts and clothing made in other countries is also an issue now with 'sweatshops' being used for cheap labor. There are many reasons for only purchasing American made t-shirts.
Tips for Finding American Made Products
If you want to be sure the products you are purchasing are not produced in sweatshops by workers, who are being exploited, buy USA made t-shirts. Countries overseas that are paying workers very little, denying them the basic rights of humane treatment and seeking reprisal for those who do not conform are not something that should be supported.
Shoppers are often unaware of the origin of the clothes they purchase. All they know is they go to the store, see something they like and make a purchase. If they knew what was really behind the manufacture of the clothing they may change their minds about buying these items.
American made t-shirts may be found by adhering to several tips that will ensure the clothing you are purchasing is not made in a sweat shop. One of the ways of finding USA made t-shirts is to look for clothing made under the Fair Trade system. This means the items you are buying are made by workers who are treated fairly. They are paid an honest wage and are guaranteed breaks and sick leave instead of being treated badly. Workers who are in the Fair Trade system are usually economically disadvantaged so this will be helping them to support themselves and their families.
The UNITE HERE label is another way to find American made t-shirts that are not made in sweatshops. This is a union that was created when the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees and Hotel and Restaurant Employees International Union merged. USA made t-shirts purchased with a Union label is a guarantee that the workers who made your t-shirt are treated fairly. They have a contract with the company they work for that ensures safe and fair working conditions as well as the wages they are being paid and benefits.
Check on the companies that make clothing. You can find cooperatives in the U.S. that are a very good organization to support. American made t-shirts made by cooperatives may be another source of t-shirts made from all natural materials. By helping to protect the environment you are also helping low-income employees to support themselves. The co-ops are often formed by individuals who have an ownership in the company. This allows them to have a steady income and good working conditions. The products made are of a good quality because they take pride in the manufacturing process of a company they own.
If you have a favorite store where you purchase your clothing, you can check them out and see if they have poor labor habits. Are the t-shirts you are purchasing American made t-shirts or is your favorite store using sweatshops for the clothing they bring to you? The Responsible Shopper Website is one way of finding out if the USA made t-shirts are really made in the USA. The company's profile will have any accusations made against them and information about whether they are lined to abusive sweatshops.
It is hard today to make sure the clothing you are buying is made without the use of labor practices that are unfair to others. We should be concerned with the clothes we wear naturally because we want to look our best. Emphasis is on wearing name brand clothing and if American made t-shirts have the brand, this is all well and good. But if the brand you like is being made by children who are being mistreated and made to sit for hours without breaks, is wearing that brand worth it? Do some investigative work about the brands you like. By taking a stand you can help to stop these unfair practices.
3
Have you read any sarcastic political t-shirts lately? You can read good shirts, bad shirts, hostile shirts, cynical shirts, and shirts with chips on their shoulder. Yes, it is crazy time in the USA - Presidential campaign season - and it's time for sarcastic political t-shirts.
Shirts with political slogans on them date from the 1960s, but today's sarcastic political t-shirts are darker and edgier. They deal with more personal concerns. And because modern technology has advanced, they come in more forms than ever before.
While the smiley face enjoyed a brief comeback in 2007, people in 2008 are relating more to sarcasm.
T-shirt manufacturers have to be able to capture every nuance, every change in the mood, and every headline if they want to stay on top of the sarcastic political t-shirt trends. Because the technology is there to allow them to do it, a candidate can make a slip up in speech and 30 minutes later, it can be on a t-shirt for sale.
And people who find politics absurd are flocking to buy these sarcastic political t-shirts which say things like "Disenfranchised" or "Undecided Voter."
But partisans love sarcastic political t shirts as well. Consider the McCain supporter wearing the "Coming this Fall: Michelle Obama - Extreme Wife Makeover" or the Obama fan wearing the shirt with McCain's mug on it saying "Never Been Kissed."
Avid supporters of either president's campaign find wearing sarcastic political t-shirts more amusing than the standard ones issued by the campaign. It lets them insert their own personality into the carefully scripted campaign.
4
Many of our contemporary mass-used products and services, like for example the Internet, are the outcome of military research or cultural intervention. In out case, the American fashion item that was introduced by the US soldiers at the beginning of the twentieth century and is a century later still considered a must-have piece in every person’s wardrobe, is simply referred to as the “T-shirt.” Sold in a variety of styles, colors, sizes and printed layouts, the T-shirt frenzy has over the years spread across the globe making people feel “cool” and “trendy” when wearing this comfortable outfit. In fact, today, any variation of this upper-body garment is considered an essential part of men’s and women’s clothing; making it one of the longer fashion trends alive.
The T-shirt industry came into existence during WWI, as the returning American troops introduced the lightweight cotton undershirt worn at the time only by European soldiers. In comparison to the wool uniforms the US Navy and Army soldiers had to wear, this piece of garment allowed the skin to breathe and provided a cooling sensation when worn; especially in hot summer days and nights. Due to its simple, button-less, collar-less and pocket-less design, the shirt introduced by the US Navy in 1913, quickly became known as the “T-shirt,” since it covered most of a person’s torso. By 1920, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary included the word T-shirt in its English language version and during WWII it has become a standard undergarment for US and European soldiers.
But the tremendous appeal of this piece of clothing and the actual boom of the T-shirt industry is mainly attributed to the movies. Worn by the big screen movie stars of the 50s, the masses were accustomed to the idea of wearing such a lightweight garment above their bare skin without another shirt on top. Actors like John Wayne, Marlon Brando and James Dean wore T-shirts on movies as well as on national syndicated television. Although shocked at first, the US public quickly endorsed this clothing item and as sales skyrocketed it was apparent that the T-shirt had become one major success-story of the twentieth century fashion history. In fact, T-shirts made their way through the political landscape of the time when in 1948 Thomas E. Dewey and in 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower used them in their promotional campaigns with the printed logos “Dew It for Dewey” and “I Like Ike” respectively.
The youthful, anti-establishment attitude of James Dean in “Rebel Without a Cause,” took an unexpected twist when T-shirts were reintroduced in the 1960s and 1970s as a symbol of youth and rebellion during women’s sexual revolution. Later, T-shirts became personal billboards, carrying names, logos, phrases, famous quotes, anecdotes, wishes and all kinds of printed messages. Due to its inexpensive and stylish nature, the T-shirt created a multibillion dollars industry, expanding from Rock and Roll bands to athletes and construction workers. In fact, the T-shirt became a commodity item in the apparel industry marking generations, attitudes and personal lifestyles.
Comfortable, casual, and always in style, the T-shirt has now entered cyberspace and is created, bought and sold via online stores all across the globe. As the new millennium brought information age one step closer to the masses, T-shirt varieties will continue to be produced and worn in different occasions carrying diverse themes anywhere in the world. From war protestors to busy family men the jersey stitch of cotton and/or polyester fibers of contemporary T-shirt is here to stay.
5
A trusty T-shirts is sometimes like a true friend and can be with us for a very long time. They are often among our most prized possessions. Depending on how we came by it.
What makes them so likable is that they're great for adults or child and seem to be great everywhere. Kids might enjoy a funky t-shirts with their favorite designs or slogans on them and the same could apply to adults as well.
Many clothing companies offer an extensive range of band and artist related t-shirts. You can also get a big selection of comedy, fancy and party time t-shirts online. As with all clothing tendency of fashion and shopping styles are constantly changing and so do which style of t-shirts are in and out of style.
Band t-shirts are among the most popular of all and one reason may be that there are thousands of clothing stores that endorse and sell musical clothing. That and the fact that these types of t-shirts are so easy to take care of, and are very comfortable to wear.
The t-shirt wearing subculture seems to be shunned sometimes because of some of the things that some of the t-shirts endorse. However, even though there are some distasteful one's out there, there are also some really great ones as well.
Band t-shirts originally started to gain popularity back in the sixties when bands started to travel around the world performing and playing to larger and larger crowds. As the audiences grew so did the number of outlets where t-shirts from these mega concerts could be acquired. Stores began to offer wider varieties of design and styles for customers to purchase. These days you can buy virtually any band t-shirt from just about anywhere in the world right in your local mall. No matter which country you live in.
Buy t shirts, ladies tops, long sleeved t shirts, hoodies, sweatshirts and punk clothing, vintage t shirts, band t shirts, rock clothing at our music clothing stores.
6
As fashion launches itself headfirst into 2007, emerging musical trends - most notably indie rock and new rave - seem to have influenced the t-shirt design industry in a variety of ways. Tops and T-shirts for men found on the fashion highway are so bright, colourful and splashed across with patterns that it's hard to believe that, at one time, the t-shirt was only available in one colour - white.
The t-shirt has a long history that dates back to the nineteenth century. Primarily developed as a type of underwear, the t-shirt was popularised in European society around the turn of the century. The t-shirt then spread into the United States during World War One, when American soldiers caught sight of the soft undershirts - then made of Egyptian cotton - while the US military sweated in wool uniforms.
By World War Two, the t-shirt had become standard issue in both the US army and the Navy; and although the t-shirt was still formally issued as underwear, soldiers stationed in hot climates would often wear it without any clothes on top - hence giving birth to the modern notion of the t-shirt. As the public were exposed to photographs of men wearing their t-shirts, the fashion soon spread into American life.
In the post-World War Two era, t-shirts were popularised by global movie stars such as John Wayne, Marlon Brando and James Dean - and since this time, t-shirt fashion trends have undergone constant revolutions. In the 1960s, Ringer T-Shirts were popular, as were tie-dying and screen-printing on basic t-shirts. In the 1970s, the black concert t-shirt became a staple with rock music fans across the world, as people began wearing t-shirts emblazoned with their favourite band's logo or symbol for all to see.
While the t-shirt trend continued well into the 1980s and 1990s, these decades also saw the advent of slogan t-shirts. T-shirt slogans like "I'm with stupid" or "Frankie says Relax" - a popular homage to the 1980s band, Frankie Goes to Hollywood - became a common fashion feature. But as these slogans became increasingly ubiquitous, it's no surprise that the early years of the new millennium saw the phenomenon of "personal branding" on t-shirts become a mainstay of t-shirt fashion.
And with both traditional fashion retailers and t-shirt websites making it easier for people to create their own t-shirt trends, the world of t-shirt design has never been brighter - in both a physical and metaphorical sense! With bright colours and bold patterns - a prominent feature of t-shirt fashion in early 2007 - t-shirt fans around the world can expect great things from the t-shirt world, both now and in years to come.
写的不对我再改

序言：成功，让我们拥抱心理学（献给所有有梦想的人）

老师教我读这本书，其实我是有抵触心理的。因为有太多人写关于这些成功，成长，虚无缥缈的不切实际的文章，生活中也绝大部分是这种人，不能说他们没有水平，可是吹的总比做的多，如同正知正见，就如同一杯咖啡，内在全是泡沫。
我们不妨先放下这种偏见，深刻的了解下本书的作者及内容再下评论，让我们从头好好的读这一本书吧。先看forword。
本文的作者是Heidi Grant Halvorson，是美国哥伦比亚大学社会心理学博士；现任哥伦比亚大学动机学科学中心副主任。她让Carol S. Dweck 同行写这篇序言，Carol S. Dweck是这个领域的导师，具有权威性，我们应该升起肃然起敬的心，好好读读这本书到底是不是心灵鸡汤。前言也有提到到Carol S. Dweck是谁，请看这一句：I am proud to have been one of Dr. Grant Halvorson’s mentors, but I have been even more excited to learn from her accomplishments, her knowledge, and her wisdom。可以看看这三个单词，mentors，accomplishments，wisdom分别是什么意思就明白这篇文章从各个角度说明了他不是心灵鸡汤，其中的意义，我想一目了然！
1.mentors：A person's mentor is someone who gives them help and advice over a period of time, especially help and advice related to their job.
2. accomplishments：An accomplishment is something remarkable that has been done or achieved
3. Wisdom： is the ability to use your experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions or judgments
很显然，halvorson从心理学的角度看待How we can reach our goals。这也符合她的身份。
She takes all the latest research in psychology, distills it to its essence, and makes it practical这句话，打消了我们对这篇文章的疑虑，他也是有实践的。distills it to its essence, and makes it practical
halvorson不仅仅是以为一位作者，她还是一位研究人员，她对于如何达到我们的目标有她独到的见解。同时，她还涉猎了其他人的研究，
Dr. Grant Halvorson also has great taste in other people’s research
她用Taste一词：进一步说明了她心理学学术研究背景。
taste：If you have a taste of a particular way of life or activity, you have a brief experience of it.
这一段最重要的2个单词就是meaningful，和rigorous。
要理解meaningful 和 rigorous ，答案就在隔壁！
我们首先要理解research这个单词 Research：Research is work that involves studying something and trying to discover facts about it 心理学的研究必须是rigorous的，而并不是meaningful的。research意味着测试，系统，程序的！所以后面才说Psychological research can sometimes be rigorous without being meaningful, and it can sometimes address meaningful issues without being rigorous or trustworthy.
rigorous：A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict
meaningful：If you describe something as meaningful, you mean that it is serious, important, or useful in some way
All of the work you will read about here sheds light on the most basic processes of human motivation
这一段的末尾点出了她的研究的项目就是the most basic processes of human motivation
这个研究指出了最重要的一点就是，people can change，包含无限的可能性，人是可以改变的（心理学角度）
The most important message of this book is that people can change
她说达到这一点并不容易，这需要有正确的动机和正确的信息。
The problem has always been, Where do we go to get the right information? The solution is at hand; you need only turn the page
问题就在于我们从哪里得到正确的信息，那就接着往下看吧。
全文在这：
Foreword
by Carol S. Dweck, Ph.D.
HEIDI GRANT HALVORSON KNOWS JUST ABOUT EVERYTHING THERE IS to know aboutsetting goals and reaching them. In this book, she shares this knowledge with you.
She takes all the latest research in psychology, distills it to its essence, and makes it practical. Whydon’t you stick to your New Year’s resolutions? What’s the best way to make sure you get started on thereport that’s due? Why can focusing on grades harm students’ grades? How do you match your goals toyour outlook on life? Why are some depressed people highly effective? She answers all of thesequestions (and many more) in ways you can use.
Dr. Grant Halvorson is not only a wonderful writer, she’s also a researcher who did much of theresearch that appears in this book! She understood from the very start of her career that people’s goalswere at the center of their well-being and success, and in the course of her research, she has hadextraordinary insights into why people set the goals they do and why they do or don’t reach them. Infact, her research has answered every question I posed in the previous paragraph.
Dr. Grant Halvorson also has great taste in other people’s research. She knows which research isimportant and meaningful, and she knows how to capture its essence and its practical applications.Psychological research can sometimes be rigorous without being meaningful, and it can sometimesaddress meaningful issues without being rigorous or trustworthy. All of the work you will read abouthere sheds light on the most basic processes of human motivation and has been held to the higheststandards of research. That’s what makes this book so exceptional.
The most important message of this book is that people can change. It’s not necessarily easy, but it ispossible with the right motivation and the right information about how to go about it. The problem hasalways been, Where do we go to get the right information? The solution is at hand; you need only turnthe page.I am proud to have been one of Dr. Grant Halvorson’s mentors, but I have been even more excited tolearn from her accomplishments, her knowledge, and her wisdom. As you read this book, you will seeexactly what I mean.